| Review of Biological Chemistry, including Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, Vitamins & Minerals. Reference is made to the components of each nucleotide: a 5-Carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), a nitrogenous base, and phosphate. Purine bases (adenine & guanine) and Pyrimidine bases (thymine, cytosine & uracil) are described. Special reference is made to the high energy nucleotide, Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), as well as AMP and ADP. Both the molecular structure of RNA is presented, and the molecular structure of DNA. Reference is made to complementary binding of bases and the Double Helix structure of the DNA. Clarification is given to the terms: Chromatids, Chromatin (uncoiled) Shape & Chromosomes (coiled-up) Shape of the DNA molecule. The principal functions of the lipid-soluble vitamins (retinol, calciferol, tocopherol & phylloquinone) & water-soluble vitamins (ascorbic acid, niacin, riboflavin & pantothenic acid) and the macronutrient minerals (calcium, phosphate, sodium & potassium) & micronutrient (trace) minerals (iron, iodine, copper & zinc). Reference is made to anti-oxidants, goiters & anemia. |